When filing taxes in Colombia, you must consider whether you are a tax resident because it is independent of whether you have a visa.
If you have a digital nomad visa for one year but stay less than 183 days, you would not be considered a tax resident. In this case, you only declare the income tax on national source income and wealth obtained in Colombia.
Otherwise, if, with the visa, you stay for more than 183 days in the country, you declare income tax for the national and foreign source income and patrimony possessed inside and outside the country.